The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.